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Desert 'carbon Farming' To Curb CO2
Desert 'carbon farming' to curb CO2
1 August 2013
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By Matt McGrath
Environment correspondent, BBC News
Scientists say that planting large numbers of jatropha trees in desert areas could be an effective method of suppressing emissions of CO2.
Dubbed "carbon farming", scientists state the idea is economically competitive with modern carbon capture and storage jobs.
But critics state the idea could be have unforeseen, unfavorable effects consisting of driving up food costs.
The research study has actually been published, external in the journal Earth System Dynamics.
Seeds of change
Jatropha curcas is a plant that came from Central America and is very well adapted to extreme conditions including extremely dry deserts.
It is currently grown as a biofuel, external in some parts of the world due to the fact that its seeds can produce oil.
In this study, German researchers revealed that one hectare of jatropha might capture as much as 25 tonnes of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere every year. The their price quotes on trees currently growing in trial plots in Egypt and in the Negev desert.
"The outcomes are frustrating," said Prof Klaus Becker, from the University of Hohenheim in Stuttgart.
"There was good growth, a good reaction from these plants. I feel there will be no problem attempting it on a much larger scale, for example ten thousand hectares in the start," he stated.
According to the scientists a plantation that would cover three percent of the Arabian desert would take in all the CO2 produced by vehicles and trucks in Germany over a twenty years duration.
The researchers state that a crucial aspect of the plan would be the schedule of desalination facilities. This indicates that initially, any plantations would be confined to coastal locations.
They are intending to establish bigger trials in desert areas of Oman or Qatar. Prof Becker states that unlike other plans that simply offset the carbon that people produce, the planting of jatropha could be a good, short term solution to environment modification.
"I believe it is a great concept due to the fact that we are truly drawing out co2 from the environment - and it is entirely different in between extracting and avoiding."
According to the researcher's estimations the costs of curbing carbon dioxide through the planting of trees would be between 42 and 63 euros per tonne. This makes it competitive with other techniques, such as the more high tech carbon capture and storage, external (CCS).
A variety of nations are currently trialling this innovation, external but it has yet to be released commercially.
Growing jatropha not just absorbs CO2 however has other benefits. The plants would assist to make desert areas more habitable, and the plant's seeds can be collected for biofuel say the researchers, offering an economic return.
"Jatropha is ideal to be become biokerosene - it is even better than biodiesel," stated Prof Becker.
But other professionals in this area are not persuaded. They indicate the fact that in 2007 and 2008 big numbers of jatropha trees were planted for biofuel, especially in Africa. But a lot of these ventures ended in tears,, external as the plants were not really successful in coping with dry conditions.
Lucy Hurn is the biofuels project supervisor for the charity, Actionaid. She says that while jatropha was when viewed as the fantastic, green hope the truth was extremely different.
"When jatropha was introduced it was viewed as a miracle crop, it would grow on scrubland or limited land," she stated.
"But there are often people who require limited land to graze their animals, they are getting food from that area - we would not class the land as marginal."
She pointed out that jatropha is highly poisonous and can pollute the land it is grown on, even in a desert. And she likewise had concerns about the fairness of the idea.
"It is still someone else's land. Why enter and grow these massive plantations to deal with a problem these individuals didn't actually trigger?"
Follow Matt on Twitter, external.
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Related web links
Universität Hohenheim
European Geosciences Union
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